Exploring Courtyards as Climate Responsive Solutions in Vernacular Architecture

Abstract

A courtyard typically refers to an open space enclosed by the walls of a house or a group of houses. Throughout history, courtyards have been an integral element in many distinct styles of architecture and cultures. In most of the regions, courtyards are essential component of the overall architectural style of vernacular homes. Courtyards can have a variety of uses, depending on the local and cultural environment. They can be utilised for family activities, parties, gardening, or just as a peaceful place to unwind. The study highlights the courtyard's role as a climate friendly feature and as an essential attribute for social interaction. The study has been conducted by analysing the courtyards of vernacular houses at three different latitudes representing different climates. A case study methodological research approach has been adopted to generate an in-depth understanding of application of ‘courtyard’ in vernacular architecture. Examples from tropical and temperate zones are specifically included in the study. These zones are located at latitudes 6.1603° S, 26.9124° N, and 37.8882° N, and they reflect different climate types. Over the period, designers have ignored the scientific relevance of courtyards. Article demonstrates the climatic & cultural relevance of courtyard so that it can be adopted in contemporary times. A case study methodological research approach has been adopted. Comparative Analysis of Courtyards at identified latitudes have been conducted. By computing the values of P/A ratio, aspect ratio, degree of sky exposure from the courtyard and wall height of adjoining surfaces of courtyards at identified latitudes, study has demonstrated the relevance of courtyards w.r.t the climatic conditions of place. The study has been carried out in various stages from understanding of climatic characteristics of three different latitudes and then analysing climatic significance of courtyards with the help of solar chart. The findings of research demonstrate the best possible orientation of courtyard buildings with respect to sun & prevailing wind and the most preferred proportion of void (courtyard) to solid (the building).